Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Nobel Prize-winning British chemist renowned for her work in X-ray crystallography.
Nobel Prize-winning British chemist renowned for her work in X-ray crystallography.
In 1984, Blackburn and Carol W. Greider jointly discovered telomerase, the enzyme responsible for telomere replenishment. This groundbreaking achievement led to their winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009, with Blackburn making history as the first Australian woman Nobel laureate.
Writer, ‘political agitator’ and Communist
Kenyan environmental activist
Eminent Swedish novelist and leader of the modern romantic reaction in Sweden.
Polish-French physicist and chemist, first woman to win a Nobel Prize
Austrian novelist, especially known for her efforts to promote peace.
In 2015, Tu Youyou became the first first Chinese Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine and the first woman from the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize in any category. The pharmaceutical chemist and malariologist discovered artemisinin (also known as qīnghāosù 青蒿素) and dihydroartemisinin, a breakthrough in twentieth-century tropical medicine. The resulting malaria treatment saved millions of lives in South China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. While studying traditional Chinese and herbal medicines, she found a reference in ancient medical texts to using sweet wormwood to treat intermittent fevers, a symptom of malaria. Tu and her research team were able to extract artemisinin (qinghaosu) from wormwood in the 1970s. She even volunteered to be the first human subject to test the substance. Tu later became chief scientist at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, earning her position without a medical degree, a PhD, or research training abroad. In 2011, she became the first Chinese person to receive the Lasker Award for her discovery, which was called “arguably the most important pharmaceutical intervention in the last half-century” by the Lasker Foundation. Tu’s work in the 1960s and 70s coincided with China’s Cultural Revolution, when scientists were denigrated as one of the nine black categories (or “Stinking Old Ninth”) in society according to Maoist theory (or possibly that of the Gang of Four).
Well-known author, Pearl S. Buck wrote multiple books and short stories throughout her lifetime, many of which focused on her experiences in China. She was also a strong advocate of women’s rights and civil rights and was dedicated to supporting the welfare of Asian children.
A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She later became internationally respected for the peace activism that ultimately won her a Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, the first American woman to receive this honor.