Sayyida Shirin

Regent of most of Jibal during the minority of her son, Majd al-Dawla (r. 997–1029), and served as de facto ruler during his reign.

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Pari Khan Khanum

Daughter of Shah Tahmasp, Pari Khan Khanum took on a political role during her father’s reign, helping him to rule during his last years of illness in 1500s Iran.

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Wafika Sultan Al-Essa

Described as a pioneer of modern art in Qatar, Wafika Sultan Al-Essa is one of the first women in the country to study art and be a professional artist in the modern era.

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Arwa al-Sulayhi

Arwa al-Sulayhi of Yemen was queen consort from 1067 until his death in 1084, holding increasing power as he retreated from public life due to paralysation. At her husband’s death, she became regent for their son Ali Abd al-Mustansir until his death in 1094, and became queen in her own right.

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