Writer Archives - Page 140 of 145

Zoe Dumitrescu-Bușulenga

Zoe Dumitrescu-Bușulenga was a Romanian scholar, essayist, political activist and professor at the University of Bucharest.
As a student at the university, she studied law (1939-43) and literature (1944-48), later earning her doctorate in 1970. Around the time a communist regime was established in her country, she went to the Soviet Union to study at the the Gorky Pedagogical Institute (1948-49). Dumitrescu worked as an editor at Editura de Stat from 1948 to 1949, and at Editura pentru Literatură until 1957. She was hired as teaching assistant at her alma mater in 1949, rising to assistant professor in 1951, associate professor in 1963, full professor in 1971 and chairing the department of universal and comparative literature in 1975.
Having been a researcher at the George Călinescu Institute of Literary History and Theory until 1957, she became the director in 1973. From 1970 to 1982, she served as vice president for the Social and Political Sciences Academy, and was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1974. In 1975, she became president of the Romanian National Committee for Comparative Literature, and was on the executive board of the International Comparative Literature Association (1973-79). She edited two magazines, Synthesis and Revista de istorie și teoria literară. Among her published books were Renașterea: Umanismul și dialogul artelor (1971), Valori și echivalențe umanistice (1973), Periplu umanistic (1980) and Itinerarii prin cultură (1982).
Dumitrescu joined the Romanian Communist Party in 1966, and was a member of the party’s central committee from August 1969 to November 1974. She served two terms in the Great National Assembly, representing Bucharest districts both times (1975-85). She was awarded the Order of 23 August, fourth class, followed in 1971 by the Cultural Merit Order, second class and by the special prize of the Writers’ Union in 1986 and 1989. She was also granted the Order of Cyril and Methodius by the People’s Republic of Bulgaria in 1977, and the next year became a commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. She took the Herder Prize in 1988 and headed the Accademia di Romania in Rome (1991-97).
Late in life, she spent most of her time at the Romanian Orthodox Văratec Monastery and ultimately took the vows of a nun.

Tawakkol Karman

Nobel Peace Prize laureate Tawakkol Karman is a Yemeni journalist, politician, and human rights activist.

Addagoppe of Harran

Addagoppe of Harran was an Assyrian priestess of the moon god Sîn in the northern Assyrian city of Harran, and the mother of King Nabonidus (ruled 556–39 BC) of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

Alba Roballo

Alba Roballo was a prominent Afro-Uruguayan lawyer, poet and politician, who was Uruguay’s first woman Cabinet member, first woman Culture Minister, and first woman elected to the (then collective) Municipal Council of Montevideo, Uruguay.

Diorbhail Nic a’ Bhriuthainn

Diorbhail Nic a’ Bhriuthainn was a Scottish Gaelic poet and songwriter who lived on the Isle of Luing in Scotland.

Ilse Stanley

Ilse (Intrator) Stanley was a German Jew who, working with a handful of people including Nazi Gestapo members of the Gestapo and other Jewish civilians, secured the release of 412 Jewish prisoners from Nazi concentration camps between 1936 and 1938, before the devastating events of Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938).

Olga Tufnell

Olga Tufnell FSA was a British archaeologist who worked on the excavation of the ancient city of Lachish (Tell ed-Duweir) in the 1930s. She had no formal archaeology training, but had worked as a secretary for Flinders Petrie for several years before being given a field assignment. Tufnell joined James Leslie Starkey in the expedition to Lachish in 1929 and remained part of the team for years.
When Starkey was killed in 1938, the team finished the season and then closed the site in 1939. Tufnell volunteered to write up the report of the dig and spent the next 20 years researching and writing up the majority of the excavation report, with the final publication (Lachish IV) in 1957. Her work is considered the “pre-eminent source book for Palestinian archeology”.
After her return to the UK in 1939, her work was almost immediately interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, as Tufnell was recruited to the BBC Arabic radio station due to her association with the Middle East; she was also an air raid warden.
At the end of the war, Tufnell returned to her work on the report, raising controversy when she published findings that the time period between two occupational levels, Level II (before Babylonian conquest by Nebuchadnezzar) and Level III (before Assyrian conquest by Sennacherib) was likely to be in the range of 100 years, rather than a decade, as Starkey had suggested. Although most archaeologists believed Starkey’s interpretation was more likely, subsequent excavations vindicated her opinion in 1973.
In 1951, Tufnell became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, which she called one of her “greatest achievements”. Once the full Lachish report had been published, Tufnell turned her focus to the study of scarabs. Although many scholars dismissed the area of scarabs and seals as “unreliable of chronology”, Olga meticulously recorded their dimensions and styles. She was also an early user of computers for measuring the scarabs, and she was due to present a paper on that use of computers just days after her death in April 1985

Madame d’Aulnoy

Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville was a French writer known for her literary fairy tales and for coining the term when she called her works contes de fées (fairy tales). In 1666, she was married off at age 15 to a man three times her age, the Baron d’Aulnoy. In 1669, the Baron was accused of treason by two men who may have been the 19-year-old baroness’s lovers, and her mother, the Marchioness de Gadagne. The Baron spent three years in the Bastille before he finally convinced the court of his innocence. His two male accusers were executed and the Marchioness de Gadagne fled to England. Though a warrant was served for Madame d’Aulnoy’s arrest, she escaped through a window and hid in a church when officers came to arrest her.
She may have then worked as a spy for France (and possibly spent some time in Holland, Spain, and England) before returning to Paris in 1685 (possibly as repayment for spying). Madame d’Aulnoy hosted salons that were attended by leading aristocrats and princes.
In 1699, her friend Angélique Ticquet was beheaded for having a servant shoot Angélique’s abusive husband. The servant was hanged. Mme d’Aulnoy escaped prosecution despite her alleged involvement and removed herself from the Paris social scene for 20 years.
D’Aulnoy published 12 books, including two collections of fairy tales and three “historical” novels, as well as a series of travel memoirs based on her supposed travels through court life in Madrid and London. Though her stories may have been plagiarized and invented, these stories later became her most popular works. In France and England at the time her works were considered as mere entertainment rather than factual history, a sentiment reflected in the reviews of the period. Her truly accurate attempts at historical accounts – about the Dutch wars of Louis XIV – were less successful. The money she made from her writing helped support her three daughters, not all of whom were produced during her time with the Baron d’Aulnoy .
Her most popular works were the fairy tales and adventure stories she published in Les Contes des Fées (Tales of fairies) and Contes Nouveaux, ou Les Fées à la Mode. Unlike the folk tales of the Grimm Brothers (born some 135 years later than d’Aulnoy), she wrote her stories in a conversational tone, as they might be told in salons. Many of her stories created a world of animal brides and grooms, where love and happiness came to heroines after overcoming great obstacles, though many English adaptations are very different from the original.

Teresa Villarreal

Teresa Villarreal González was a feminist, labor organizer, and political activist who supported the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) and the Mexican Revolution (1910–17). She and her sister Andrea published the feminist newspaper La Mujer Moderna (The Modern Woman) in 1910. That year, Teresa also established El Obrero: Periódico Independiente (The Worker: Liberal Newspaper) in San Antonio, Texas, and published articles that addressed issues of the working class and called for mass involvement in Mexican Revolution’s struggle for a democratic government. Along with economic, educational, and cultural improvements for the masses, she advocated for the emancipation of women.

Zlata Filipović

From 1991 to 1993, Zlata Filipović wrote in her diary, Mimmy, about the horrors of living through the siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War as a child. Later published as “Zlata’s Diary,” the book became a bestseller and elicited comparisons to the diary of Anne Frank.
Filipović and her family survived, escaping to Paris in 1993 with the help of the United Nations. She has lived in Dublin, Ireland since October 1995, where she has continued to write and work on films and as an international activist. In 2011, Filipović produced the short film Stand Up! for BeLonG To, an LGBTQ youth service organisation in Ireland. The film, advocating against homophobic bullying in schools, has been viewed more than 1.6 million times on YouTube.
Filipović served on the Executive Committee of Amnesty International Ireland from 2007 to 2013 and is a founding member of NYPAW (Network of Young People Affected by War). She has spoken at schools and universities around the world on the topic of children in conflict.