Nancy Cunard

English heiress to the Cunard Steamship Company, Cunard began writing poetry and published her first collection, Outlaws, in April 1921. When her third, most experimental book, Parallax (1925), was criticized as derivative of Eliot, she decided to try her at publishing instead, and in 1928 she founded the avant-garde Hours Press, which most famously published Samuel Beckett’s poem “Whoroscope” (1930).

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Natalie Clifford Barney

Barney established a salon at her home that brought together artists of all nationalities, literary movements, and sexual identities; Joan Schenkar, a biographer of Barney’s lover Dorothy Wilde, calls it “the most subversive literary salon that ever existed.”

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