Canadian oncologist and clinical investigator Dr Mildred Vera Peters was told to “go do women’s work” after upstaging the medical community in her treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. So she revolutionized breast cancer treatment through years of painstaking, meticulous work.
Tsai Ah-hsin was the first female physician in colonial Taiwan’s first female physician. She graduated from the Tokyo Women’s Medical College in 1921, then completed her residency at the Taihoku Hospital in Japanese Taiwan and founded her own hospital at Taichu in 1925. She created a seminar to train midwives in obstetrics, which was offered through her hospital. She had to end the seminar in 1938 as the Japanese, who had invaded northern China in 1937, came to her seminar and forced some of her students to work for them as nurses on the front lines.
The serial drama “Wave Washing Sands,” based on her life, won Best Serial Drama at the Golden Bell Awards (celebrating Taiwanese television) in 2005.
Alejandra Melfo is a Venezuelan physicist, known for her efforts studying and conserving glaciers, especially the Humboldt Corona, the last glacier in Venezuela.
Nancy Grace Roman is an astronomer who was the first women executive at the US’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). She is known as the “Mother of Hubble” for her contributions in establishing the Hubble Space Telescope, and has been an outspoken advocate for women in the sciences throughout her career.
Although Roman showed interest and talent in the sciences from an early age, like so many women she was discouraged by teachers at all levels who thought women shouldn’t study science. Despite this, Roman earned a Bachelor’s degree in astronomy from Swarthmore College in 1946, and finished her PhD in astronomy at the University of Chicago in 1949, where she stayed on for six years working as a researcher and instructor, eventually leaving because of the limited opportunities for women.
Roman worked at the Naval Research Laboratory before being hired by newly formed NASA in 1959 to build the organization’s astronomy program. Roman worked at NASA for 21 years, then worked as a consultant for companies contracted with NASA. She fully retired in 1997, and began extensive volunteer work, such as leading science programs in underserved Washington, D.C. schools.
Roman discovered the first clues to the evolution of the Milky Way galaxy, mapped the sky and helped improve the accuracy of measurements of the distance of the moon. Roman led a NASA program that launched more than 20 satellites and 3 orbiting solar observatories. She laid the early groundwork for the Hubble Space Telescope, creating the program’s structure, recruiting astronomers, and lobbying Congress for funding. Her many awards and honors include The Federal Woman’s Award (1962), NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award (1969), and a NASA fellowship in astrophysics is named in her honor.
Ada E Yonath is a biochemist and structural chemist, who earned her Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science in X-ray crystallographic studies on the structure of collagen.
Aglaonice is considered the first female astronomer in ancient Greece, regarded for her knowledge of the moon and its cycles. Plutarch wrote that she was “thoroughly acquainted with the periods of the full moon when it is subject to eclipse, and, knowing beforehand the time when the moon was due to be overtaken by the earth’s shadow, imposed upon the women, and made them all believe that she was drawing down the moon.”
Thelma R. Wood was an American zoologist who worked as a genetics assistant at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1924-30). Her experience there inspired her to pursue graduate work at Brown University, where she worked as a biology assistant (1930-39) while she earned her Masters in 1932 and doctorate in 1938. She was particularly interested in researchin the genetics and life history of members of the Cladocera genus (tiny crustaceans commonly called water fleas), especially the single-celled organism Daphnia longispina.
Yin May, the first Burmese obstetrician and gynecologist, founded and ran the country’s main maternity hospital during the Japanese occupation of Burma. She was the first person to perform the Caesarian section in Burma and is known for her research on amoebic vaginitis, also called May’s disease.
While pregnant and separated from her family, Yin May founded the country’s primary maternity hospital during the Japanese occupation (1942–1945), working long hours with staff who had no OB/GYN experience. Burma had lost its main maternity hospital, Lady Dufferin Maternity Hospital, on 25 December 1941 due to Japanese aerial bombing and then the Japanese army commandeered Rangoon General Hospital for their use only. She later co-founded wartime medical and nursing schools (1943–1945). After World Wai II, she ran Lady Dufferin Maternity Hospital from 1946 to 1959, and was head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine of Rangoon University from 1947 to 1959. Under her leadership, Dufferin became a maternity hospital recognized by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1957.
Dr Yin Yin Nwe is a geologist who has held signficant positions with UNICEF since 1991, and was appointed UNICEF Representative to China on 1 December 2006, retiring in 2011.
Yin Yin Nwe served for 19 years at the Geology Department of Yangon University. Joining UNICEF as an Environment Project Officer in 1991, she served from 1992 to 1994, as UNICEF Programme Officer for Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Central Asian Republics and Albania. She then became a regional advisor for western and central Africa in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (1994-1999). In 1999, she was appointed UNICEF Regional Planning Officer for the Middle East and North Africa and in June 2005 was appointed UNICEF Chief of Tsunami Support, working to help victims in Indonesia.
In August 2012, President Thein Sein appointed Dr. Yin Yin Nwe as part of an Inquiry Commission to look into communal violence in Rakhine State. The commission completed its work and submitted a report the following year.
In June 2014, Presidnet Thein Sein appointed Dr. Yin Yin Nwe Chief Education Advisor. She had also previously served as an advisor to the Myanmar Peace Center (MPC), and was a member of the National Economic and Social Advisory Council and a member of the Education Promotion Implementation Committee (EPIC), advocating for education reform.
In 1759, French king Louis XV launched a project to reduce infant mortality in the country and commissioned Parisian midwife Angélique du Coudray to train peasant women as midwifes. From 1760 to 1783, she trained approximately 10,000 women across France, visiting poor women in rural areas and sharing her extensive knowledge with them. Presumably the women she taught also passed those skills on to outhers in following years. Du Coudray also invented the first lifesize obstetrical mannequin, so the women could practice mock births, and published a popular midwifery textbook, Abrégé de l’art des accouchements (The Art of Obstetrics, 1759). Due to the lack of accurate data collection, it is impossible to quote statistics about infant mortality rates (which were frequently underreported in the 1700s and earlier), but it seems inarguable that du Coudray must have directly and indirectly saved countless lives, of both mothers and children.