Mary Somerville
Mary Somerville wrote many works which influenced Maxwell. Her discussion of a hypothetical planet perturbing Uranus led Adams to his investigation. Somerville College in Oxford was named after her.
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Mary Taylor Slow
Mary Taylor Slow was a British mathematician and physicist who worked on the theory of radio waves and the application of differential equations to physics.
Gladys Mackenzie
Gladys Mackenzie graduated from the University of Edinburgh and became an assistant in the Natural Philosophy department. She moved to Newnham College Cambridge and late to Bristol University and Queen Elizabeth College London. She published papers on X-ray spectroscopy.
Sophie Germain
Sophie Germain made a major contributions to number theory (in particular, the theory of primes), acoustics and elasticity.
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat is a French mathematician and physicist who made important contributions to the general theory of relativity. She was the first woman to be elected to the French Academy of Sciences.
Lene Hau
Lene Hau is a Danish physicist and mathematician. She has led a team at Harvard University who have slowed light and in 2001 succeeded in stopping a beam of light. This has important applications to quantum computing.
Émilie du Châtelet
Émilie du Châtelet was a French noblewoman who became important to mathematics as the translator of Newton’s Principia.
Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa
Tatiana Alexeyevna Afanassjewa was a Ukrainian-born Dutch mathematician and physicist who made contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics.
Hertha Ayrton
Hertha Ayrton was an engineer and mathematician. She was awarded the Royal Society’s Hughes Medal, and is well known as a suffragette.
Laura Bassi
Laura Bassi was an Italian physicist and one of the earliest women to gain a position in an Italian university.