The music of Augusta Read Thomas (b. 1964 in New York) is nuanced, majestic, elegant, capricious, lyrical, and colorful – “it is boldly considered music that celebrates the sound of the instruments and reaffirms the vitality of orchestral music.” (Philadelphia Inquirer)
Lutyens was known and respected as a creative artist for whom compromise was impossible. She was also a provocative and inspiring teacher who gave herself unstintingly to her pupils. Her output was large and varied, and the importance of her contribution to the country’s musical life was recognised in 1969, when she was made a Commander of the British Empire.
When Les Six was formed in 1919-20, she became its only female member. Her abilities at the harpsichord and affinity for the styles of music originally composed for the instrument stood her in excellent stead as the neo-classicism of Stravinsky began to grow in popularity, though her works retained an influence of Fauré and Ravel.
Her music combines a rich and romantic symphonic idiom with the melodic intimacy and emotional intensity of African-American spirituals. As Alex Ross wrote in The New Yorker, her music “deserves to be widely heard.”
By singing Māori songs in front of tribal audiences and tourists she developed sophistication and confidence as a soprano. Although unable to read music, she was noted for her accurate pitch. When Ana was 16 she was invited to join the concert party of Guide Rangi (Rangitiaria Dennan). Her reputation grew and she became much sought after as a soloist.
Fanny Jane Davis, who rose to international prominence under the stage name Frances Alda, was one of the first of a long line of New Zealand opera singers to achieve such fame.
The 1950s brought Glanville-Hicks to prominence as a composer of ‘exotic’ music and as a catalyst for the performance of new music.
Agnes Nebo von Ballmoos was a Liberian music professor, Liberian folk music scholar, conductor, composer, and lawyer. She helped preserve Liberian folk music by collecting and transcribing music from diverse cultural traditions around the country and composing original arrangements of traditional songs. She was a pioneer in the transcription of Liberian folk songs into written form and taught at the University of Liberia for nearly 30 years. Under her leadership, the university choir gave concerts at venues around the world, performing a varied repertoire that included classical pieces, spirituals, and traditional Liberian music.
Airini Ngā Roimata Grennell was born on 11 February 1910 at Waitangi in the Chatham Islands, the eldest of five children. Her father, William Henry Grennell, was a farmer and fisherman at Matarakau on the northern side of the main island. He was of Ngāti Mutunga, Ngāti Tama, Irish and American extraction. Airini’s mother was Mary Hazel Teripa Tīkao, the daughter of Hōne Taare Tīkao and his wife, Martha Hana Tōku Horomona (Hannah Solomon Score), who were of Ngāi Tahu (known locally as Kāi Tahu).
Around 1920 the Grennells moved to the South Island and stayed at Akaroa with Mary’s family until their homestead was completed at Koukourarata (Port Levy). Airini was sent to Sacred Heart Girls’ College, Christchurch, where she became a keen sportswoman, representing Canterbury in golf and basketball, and developed an appreciation for music. Around the age of 18 she travelled to England to study music professionally, gaining an LTCL and LRSM in teaching the piano and singing.
On 11 February 1931 at Christchurch, Airini Grennell married Hōne Weretā, a farmer of Ngāti Raukawa; later that year a daughter was born to them. During the 1930s Airini and Hōne separated, and Airini went back to studying music full time. Her parents shared in the upbringing of her daughter.
The Grennells were part of the Koukourarata concert party run by their aunt Rāhera Tainui. They performed regularly around Banks Peninsula, to raise money for the community during the depression, and later for servicemen and their families during the Second World War. In 1935 Airini and her sister Hinemoa also joined the Waiata Māori Choir, organised by the Reverend A. J. Seamer. Members of influential families throughout Māoridom belonged, including Te Uira Mānihera and Īnia Te Wīata. The choir travelled extensively, and in December began a tour of Australia. In 1937 they toured England, and following his coronation were presented to King George VI. After visiting India in 1938 the choir disbanded.
Airini’s attention then turned to radio, and in October 1938 she joined 4ZB in Dunedin as a programme assistant; her trained voice and excellent diction in both Māori and English fitted her well for this position. In 1940 her ‘Songs of the Islands’ session was very popular. During the Second World War Airini travelled with radio announcers to sing and play the piano for community concerts and to raise money. A talented soprano, she became known affectionately as the ‘Chatham Islands Nightingale’.
By the end of the war Airini had moved to Auckland, where she worked at 1ZB as a programme assistant. By 1949 she had returned to Christchurch and worked with both 3YA and 3ZB as an announcer. She helped to organise a series of radio programmes for women on 3YA and to initiate a network of women’s programmes on national radio. Airini was the commentator for five royal tours.
In March 1958 her husband, Hōne, died and on 25 November that year, at Christchurch, Airini married Rudolf Gopas, a well-known painter and photographer from Lithuania who lectured at the University of Canterbury’s School of Fine Arts. Airini continued her career in broadcasting until 1966 when, after 28 years in radio, she retired. She made a brief appearance on television, one of the first Māori women to do so.
Airini enjoyed her retirement among her people, becoming a respected leader of Horomaka Kāi Tahu and Taranaki–Wharekauri Ngāti Mutunga, playing the piano at family gatherings and maintaining standards of speech in both Māori and English. She played golf as long as she was able, and took many family photographs. Her husband, Rudolf, and her daughter predeceased her, and after her death at Christchurch on 8 December 1988 her ashes were interred with theirs in the family burial ground at Rāpaki. Intellectually curious, witty and yet humble, Airini had helped to bring about a renaissance in Māori culture.
One of the most popular film and music stars of the 1930s and 1940s, Marlene Dietrich was known for her fashionable style and diverse portrayals of loose women. She was a firm advocate for the American war effort, contributing much of her time, energy and musical talents to aid the troops.