Alice Lee was awarded a D.Sc. in 1899, and had an outstanding career as a statistician working in both Bedford College and University College in London. Her work was important in disproving the belief that skull size was related to intelligence, the argument that was being used at that time to “prove” women were intellectually inferior to men.
Olga Oleinik was a Ukrainian mathematician who worked on the theory of partial differential equations.
Alice Bache Gould was an American mathematician, philanthropist and historian, who spent much of her time in South America and Spain.
Pelageia Kochina was a Russian applied mathematician, known for her work on fluid mechanics and hydrodynamics.
Alice Schafer was an American mathematician who was one of the founding members of the Association for Women in Mathematics.
Anna Johnson Wheeler was an American mathematician. She is best known for early work on linear algebra in infinite dimensions, which has later become a part of functional analysis.
Anna Stafford Henriques was an American mathematician who became one of the first two women to undertake research at the Institute for Advanced Study. She worked at several universities concentrating on teaching.
Christine Ladd-Franklin was an American psychologist, logician and mathematician who was one of the earliest women to work in American universities.
Elizaveta Litvinova was the second woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics. A competent mathematician, she was denied the possibility to teach and research at high levels in Russia. She was a friend of Sofia Kovalevskaya and wrote a biography of her and of other mathematicians. She also wrote around 70 articles on teaching mathematics.
Emma Castelnuovo was an Italian mathematician known for her contributions to mathematics education.