Djuna Barnes

She acted and wrote plays for Provincetown Theater in Massachusetts; she also became a highly paid journalist. In 1921, she was sent to Paris by McCall’s Magazine to study and write about the expatriate movement. She became friends with famous writers and artists including Mina Loy. She frequently visited Natalie Barney’s salon, to read and discuss literature. It was the environment at Barney’s salon that inspired Barnes to write Ladies Almanack (American Women).

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Janet Flanner

Janet Flanner, who decried the personal “I,” was a technically skilled writer who found diagramming sentences and Parisian newspapers influential.

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Nancy Cunard

English heiress to the Cunard Steamship Company, Cunard began writing poetry and published her first collection, Outlaws, in April 1921. When her third, most experimental book, Parallax (1925), was criticized as derivative of Eliot, she decided to try her at publishing instead, and in 1928 she founded the avant-garde Hours Press, which most famously published Samuel Beckett’s poem “Whoroscope” (1930).

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